Final Reflexion

Este curso de Inglés Instrumental cubrió todas mis expectativas ya que el contenido de todas las unidades que pudimos ver, tanto el contenido teorico en clase y el contenido practico en el laboratorio, fue bastante educativo y dinamico. Todos las presentaciones estaban muy bien documentadas. Fue muy animada y educativa la clase gracias a todos los alumnos. Fue muy didactico el aprender a tener un blog ya que puede ser una herramienta de gran ayuda. Ahora se puede afrontar un texto ya que tenemos las herramientas para poder interpretarlo. Se puede mejorar el uso continuo de todas las clases en un laboratorio para los siguientes cursos. Muchas gracias a la profe y éxitos a todos los compañeros!!!!

Taller unidades 3 y 4

TALLER UNIDAD III

Electronic Technology Research Techniques, Materials, Devices

Electronic Technology refers to a theoretical branch of Physics that study the flow of charges in several materials such as resistors, diodes, semi-conductors, capacitors and inductors. These electronic components are usually combined in a specific way to form an electronic circuit which is usually found on all electronic equipment such as television, computers, stereo amplifiers and even mobile phones. There are three types of circuits that include analog, digital and mixed signal circuits. Analog circuits are usually found on radio receivers while a digital circuit is commonly found on computers and electronic clocks. A mixed signal circuit is a combination of both analog and digital circuits and are usually found on digital to analog or analog to digital converters. 

Application for electronic technology is not only limited to home appliances. It has a wide range of application that could include hospital, construction, navigation and life saving equipments. Electronic technology is one reason why our society has progressed so much. From the invention of the triode in 1908 up today with the invention of several digital equipments, electronic technology has helped mankind to improve on the way they live.

Advancement on electronic technology is on a rapid pace. Based on a recent update from Pcworld.idg.com.au, GE was able to develop diodes from carbon Nanotubes, about 10,000 times thinner than the human hair, is expected to replace conventional silicon in the future. Possible application of such development would include optoelectronic devices (uses light to transmit information) and sensors which can be used for chemical detection and home monitoring.

·         ¿Cuál cree usted que es el tópico que está a punto de leer?

     Tecnología electrónica.

·         ¿Cuál es la idea general del texto?

     Definición de tecnología electrónica, aplicaciones y avances.

·         ¿Que palabras se repiten?

     Electronic, technology, circuit, usually, computers, signal, analog, digital, application, invention.

·         ¿Que palabras se parecen al español?

     Electronic, technology, circuit, analog, digital, application, invention, resistors, diodes, semi-conductors, capacitors, inductors,  television, human, rapid, conventional.

·         ¿Cuales son las palabras en negrita, el titulo, subtitulo o gráficos que te ayudan a entender el texto?
    Electronic Technology Research Techniques, Materials, Devices.  

·         ¿De qué trata el texto?

     Trata sobre la definición de la tecnología electrónica, los tipos de circuitos electrónicos, la aplicación de la tecnología electrónica en nuestra sociedad y el futuro de la tecnología electronica.    

 TALLER UNIDAD IV

Programmable logic controller

    A programmable logic controller (PLC) or programmable controller is a digital computer used for automation of electromechanical processes, such as control of machinery on factory assembly lines, amusement rides, or lighting fixtures. PLCs are used in many industries and machines. The PLC is designed for multiple inputs and output arrangements, extended temperature ranges, immunity to electrical noise, and resistance to vibration and impact. The control programs of the machines are typically stored in a non-volatile memory. A PLC is an example of a real time system since output results must be produced in response to input conditions within a bounded time.  

LA DEFINICION

    Un Controlador Logico Programable (PLC) es un equipo digital, usado para la automatización de procesos electromecanicos. Los PLC son usados en muchas industrias y máquinas. El PLC esta diseñado para multiples arreglos de entradas y salidas, rangos de temperaturas extendidos, inmune al ruido eléctrico y resistente al impacto y vibración. Los programas de control de las maquinas son generalmente almacenados en una memoria no volatil. Un PLC es un ejemplo de un sistema de tiempo real donde los resultados de salida deben producirse in respuesta a las condiciones de entrada dentro de un tiempo limitado.  

MARCADORES DE DEFINICION

•      Is a.
•      Used for.
•      Is designed.
•      Are.
•      Is an

Programmable logic controller history

 

    The PLC was invented in response to the needs of the American automotive manufacturing industry. Programmable logic controllers were initially adopted by the automotive industry where software revision replaced the re-wiring of hard-wired control panels when production models changed.

    Before the PLC, control, sequencing, and safety interlock logic for manufacturing automobiles was accomplished using hundreds or thousands of relays, cam timers, and drum sequencers and dedicated closed-loop controllers. The process for updating such facilities for the yearly model change-over was very time consuming and expensive, as electricians needed to individually rewire each and every relay.

    In 1968 GM Hydramatic (the automatic transmission division of General Motors) issued a request for proposal for an electronic replacement for hard-wired relay systems. The winning proposal came from Bedford Associates of Bedford, Massachusetts. The first PLC, designated the 084 because it was Bedford Associates' eighty-fourth project, was the result. Bedford Associates started a new company dedicated to developing, manufacturing, selling, and servicing this new product: Modicon, which stood for MOdular DIgital CONtroller. One of the people who worked on that project was Dick Morley, who is considered to be the "father" of the PLC. The Modicon brand was sold in 1977 to Gould Electronics, and later acquired by German Company AEG and then by French Schneider Electric, the current owner.

    One of the very first 084 models built is now on display at Modicon's headquarters in North Andover, Massachusetts. It was presented to Modicon by GM, when the unit was retired after nearly twenty years of uninterrupted service. Modicon used the 84 moniker at the end of its product range until the 984 made its appearance.

MARCADORES DE TIEMPO

•      Initially.
•      Before.
•      In 1968.
•      In 1977.
•      After. 

IDEA GENERAL DEL TEXTO

    Historia del Controlador Logico Programable desde sus primeros usos en la industria automotriz.

Taller Unidad IV

Battery (electricity)

An electrical battery is one or more electrochemical cells that convert stored chemical energy into electrical energy. Since the invention of the first battery (or "voltaic pile") in 1800 by Alessandro Volta, batteries have become a common power source for many household and industrial applications. According to a 2005 estimate, the worldwide battery industry generates US$48 billion in sales each year, with 6% annual growth.

There are two types of batteries: primary batteries (disposable batteries), which are designed to be used once and discarded, and secondary batteries (rechargeable batteries), which are designed to be recharged and used multiple times. Batteries come in many sizes, from miniature cells used to power hearing aids and wristwatches to battery banks the size of rooms that provide standby power for telephone exchanges and computer data centers.

Marcadores de definición

·         Is one or more.

·         There are two types.

·         Are designed to.

Marcadores de tiempo

·         Since.

·         In 1800.

·         According to a 2005.

Marcadores de secuencia

·         First.

·         Multiple times.

Taller 1 unidades 1 y 2

What is Electronic Engineering?

Electronic engineering is a rapidly advancing profession and is the driving force behind the development of the world’s information technology. Electronic engineers create, design and develop everyday devices like the mobile phone, portable music devices and computers. Electronic engineering offers a broad range of exciting career challenges including producing new innovations and developments in telecommunications, robotics, computing hardware and power and electrical equipment.

Electronic engineering develops the way electricity is used to control equipment. Electronic engineers continually improve the quality of our lives through the development of new equipment in the fields of medicine, communications, computing, security, business and entertainment. It is a challenging and creative profession which, by using the latest state of the art technology, has brought us MP3 players, digital cameras, security systems, improved weather forecasting, electronic medical devices and so many other things that we now take for granted.

As an electronic engineer, technologist or technician, you will have the opportunity to be creative, innovative and to make a contribution to our rapidly advancing technological world. This sector is experiencing significant growth both at home and abroad.

PALABRAS NO CONOCIDAS CON SU SIGNIFICADO EN EL DICCIONARIO.

Through: A través de.

Forecasting: Previsión.

Granted: Concedidas.

Growth: Crecimiento.

Abroad: En el extranjero.

IDEA PRINCIPAL DEL TEXTO

Definición del perfil del ingeniero electrónico, sus funciones y su campo de trabajo.

TIEMPO VERBAL DEL TEXTO

Presente simple.

CATEGORIAS LEXICALES:

Palabras de contenido: Engineers, develops.

Palabras de función: The, is.

Sustantivos: Engineering, devices, hardware.

Adjetivos: Electronic, mobile, portable music, computing.

Adverbios: Rapidly, continually.

Verbos: Is, driving, create.

Conjunciones: And, like, for.

Preposiciones: Through, of, to.

Articulos: In, the, a.

Prefijo: tele-communications, in-formation.

Sufijo: Electric-al, medic-al, technologic-al.

Cognados verdaderos

Profession: Profesión.

Range: Rango.

Control: Control.

ORACION Nº1

Electronic engineering is a rapidly advancing profession and is the driving force behind the development of the world’s information technology.

Frase nominal: Electronic engineering.

Pre modificadores: Electronic.

Post modificador: N/A.

Núcleo nominal: Engineering.

Frase verbal:  Is a rapidly advancing profession and is the driving force behind the development of the world’s information technology.

Núcleo verbal: Is.

Tiempo verbal: Presente simple.

ORACION Nº2

This sector is experiencing significant growth both at home and abroad.

Frase nominal: This sector.

Pre modificadores: This.

Post modificador: N/A.

Núcleo nominal: Sector.

Frase verbal:  Is experiencing significant growth both at home and abroad.

Núcleo verbal: Is.

Tiempo verbal: Presente simple.

UNIDAD III APROXIMACION AL TEXTO

SCANNING


ALBERT EINSTEIN BIOGRAPHY

Albert Einstein was a German-born theoretical physicist who discovered the theory of general relativity, effecting a revolution in physics. For this achievement, Einstein is often regarded as the father of modern physics. He received the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics "for his services to theoretical physics, and especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect".

Near the beginning of his career, Einstein thought that Newtonian mechanics was no longer enough to reconcile the laws of classical mechanics with the laws of the electromagnetic field. This led to the development of his special theory of relativity. He realized, however, that the principle of relativity could also be extended to gravitational fields, and with his subsequent theory of gravitation in 1916, he published a paper on the general theory of relativity. He continued to deal with problems of statistical mechanics and quantum theory, which led to his explanations of particle theory and the motion of molecules. He also investigated the thermal properties of light which laid the foundation of the photon theory of light. In 1917, Einstein applied the general theory of relativity to model the structure of the universe as a whole.

He was visiting the United States when Hitler came to power in 1933, and did not go back to Germany, where he had been a professor at the Berlin Academy of Sciences. He settled in the U.S., becoming a citizen in 1940. On the eve of World War II, he helped alert President Franklin D. Roosevelt that Germany might be developing an atomic weapon, and recommended that the U.S. begin similar research. Later, together with Bertrand Russell, Einstein signed the Russell–Einstein Manifesto, which highlighted the danger of nuclear weapons. Einstein taught physics at the Institute for Advanced Study at Princeton, New Jersey, until his death in 1955.

1.-Donde nació Albert Einstein?

 He was born in Germany.

2.- Como se le conoce?

He is often regarded as the father of modern physics.

3.- Cual premio recibió?

He received the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics.

4.- Cuando murio?

Einstein died in 1955. 

Official: Workers touched water with radiation 10,000 times normal

Tokyo (CNN) -- The water that three men were recently exposed to while working at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant had 10,000 times the amount of radiation typical for that location, Japan's nuclear and industrial safety agency official said Friday, adding that the high levels indicated the nuclear fuel inside the No. 3 reactor "is damaged."
Still, the incident raised further questions -- not just about the integrity of the reactor's core, which earlier was suspected to have suffered significant damage after this month's 9.0-magnitude earthquake and subsequent tsunami -- but also about the radiation control measures in place at the plant.
The workers were laying cables Thursday in the basement of the reactor's turbine building when they stepped in the water. It seeped into the ankle-height boots of two of the men, according to Tokyo Electric Power Company, which operates the plant.
Such liquid in this locale typically has been boiled and has low levels of radiation, Hidehiko Nishiyama of Japan's nuclear and industrial safety agency explained Friday.
The high radiation measure prompted a top official with Nishiyama's agency to contact authorities with the Tokyo Electric Power Company to urge that company to "improve its radiation management measures."
Experts said Thursday that the outlook for two workers hospitalized after stepping in contaminated water should be good.
Those two men, one in his 30s and a second in his 20s, were taken to Fukushima Medical University Hospital, officials said. The third was not hospitalized, because his boots were higher and covered his skin, avoiding contact, according to Tokyo Electric.
Workers have been attempting to restore power at the Fukushima plant since a tsunami following a 9.0-magnitude earthquake March 11 knocked out electricity.
The workers were hospitalized because authorities suspected beta contamination, the company said. Beta radiation can penetrate skin to the layer where new skin cells are produced and can cause skin injury. Tokyo Electric said Friday they were still waiting to confirm whether beta contamination had taken place.
Measurements of the water's surface taken after the exposure showed it was about 400 millisieverts, the company said. The air measured about 200 millisieverts. Testing on the water continues, officials said. Tokyo Electric and Japan's Nuclear and Industrial Safety Agency said Friday they did not know whether the water came from the tsunami or from water that has been pumped in to cool the reactor.
Japan's Health Ministry recently raised the maximum level of exposure for a person working to address the crisis at the nuclear plant from 100 millisieverts to 250 millisieverts per year. A person in an industrialized country is naturally exposed to 3 millisieverts a year.
If their exposure exceeds 250 millisieverts a year, workers will be prohibited from engaging in nuclear work, Edano said. "The situation differs from one case to another," he said, and labor laws also come into play when such cases are evaluated.
Decontamination will be a priority in treating the workers, said both Cox and Polanski. If radiation burns are present, they would be treated just like a regular burn, with a sterile dressing and antibiotics.
If burns are not present after a thorough washing, the workers' clothes would need to be checked for contamination, Cox said.

Tokyo Electric officials were asked why the workers did not evacuate the area amid rising radiation levels, as their dosimeters, which measure radiation exposure, are set to trigger an alarm when the level of 20 millisieverts is reached. Officials said that workers are told to leave, but ultimately it is their decision to do so.

¿Cuál cree usted que es el tópico que está a punto de leer?

Problematica por la fuga de radiación en la planta de Fukushima.

¿Cuál es la idea general del texto?

Explicar cuales han sido los daños ocacionados por la fuga de radiación en los reactores, los estudios que han realizado para determinar el nivel de la fuga de radiación y como estan trabajando para solventar la fuga.

¿Qué palabras se repiten? 

Water, nuclear, plant, radiation, reactor, power, industrial, workers, men, millisieverts.

¿Que palabras se parecen al español? 

Nuclear, plant, radiation, reactor, industrial,official, incident, significant, hospitalized.

¿Cuáles son las palabras en negrita, el titulo, subtitulo o gráficos que te ayudan a entender el texto? 

Official: Workers touched water with radiation 10,000 times normal.

¿De qué trata el texto?

Hay unos hombres que se contaminaron con agua cerca de la planta, que tenia niveles 10.000 veces fuera de los niveles normales de radiación.